Formati zvucnih video zapisa i njihova obrada
http://nikolarajcetic.blog.rs/blog/nikolarajcetic
nikolarajcetic
2026-04-05T19:41:18Z
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Formati zvučnih i video zapisa i njihova obrada
http://nikolarajcetic.blog.rs/blog/nikolarajcetic/generalna/2018/05/21/formati-zvucnih-i-video-zapisa-i-njihova-obrada
<p><span style="font-size: small"><strong><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">Da bi se zvuk registrovao mora postojati signal koji ga prenosi. Signal koji putuje do našeg uha je mehanička promena pritiska vazduha i naziva se </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">analogni signal</span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">. Da bi računar mogao da registruje analogni signal, potrebno je analogni signal pretvoriti u </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">digitalni </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">postupkom </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"><span style="color: #8d2424">digitalizacije</span></span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"> koji se odvija u tri koraka:</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small"> <strong>1. <span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">zvuk se mikrofonom pretvara u analogni električni signal</span></strong></span></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: small"> 2.<span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">analogni električni signal se uz pomoć zvučne kartice i njenog analogno-digitalnog </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">AD konvertera</span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"> </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">pretvara u digitalni signal</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: small"> 3.<span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">digitalni podaci se kodiraju, po potrebi sažimaju i čuvaju na disku računara</span></span></strong></p><p> <img src="http://vokainformatika.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/5/4/59544817/1398773.jpg?341" border="0" title="undefined" width="341" height="126" /> </p><p> </p><div class="paragraph" style="word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 1.5; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: small"><strong><span style="color: #3b3b3b">AD konverter analogni električni zvuk pretvara u niz brojeva i on se postupkom kodiranja (</span><em style="color: #3b3b3b; position: relative">encoding</em><span style="color: #3b3b3b">) oblikuje u poseban format i zapisuje u zvučnu datoteku. Obrnut postupak (pretvaranje kodiranog zapisa u niz brojeva) se naziva dekodiranje (</span><em style="color: #3b3b3b; position: relative">decoding</em><span style="color: #3b3b3b">). Program kojim se kodira i dekodira naziva se kodek</span><span style="color: #3b3b3b"> (</span><em style="color: #3b3b3b; position: relative">codec</em><span style="color: #3b3b3b">).</span><br /></strong></span></div><p><span style="font-size: small"><strong><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"><span style="color: #8d2424">Reprodukcija zvuka</span></span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"> </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #2a2a2a">je obrnuti proces</span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"> od digitalizacije zvuka, u kome se pomoću </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">DA konvertera</span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"> digitalni zapis pretvara u analogni električni signal.</span> </strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small"><strong> </strong></span><img src="http://vokainformatika.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/5/4/59544817/6146385.jpg?343" border="0" title="undefined" width="343" height="127" /></p><p> </p><span style="font-size: small"><strong><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b">Mera kvaliteta zvučnog zapisa naziva se </span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"><span style="color: #8d2424">Bit rate</span></span><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #2a2a2a">, koji predstavlja broj bitova kojim je opisan zvučni zapis za vreme od jedne sekunde. jedinica za merenje Bit rate je KBit/s. Evo nekih primera kvaliteta zvučnog zapisa:</span></strong></span><ul style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-align: justify; margin: 5px 0px !important; padding-left: 3em !important; list-style-position: outside !important; list-style-image: initial !important"><li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 3px 0px 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; list-style: disc outside !important"><span style="font-size: small; color: #2a2a2a"><strong>4 KBit/s - minimalni kvalitet govora</strong></span></li><li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 3px 0px 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; list-style: disc outside !important"><span style="font-size: small"><strong>8 KBit/s - "telefonski" kvalitet</strong></span></li><li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 3px 0px 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; list-style: disc outside !important"><span style="font-size: small"><strong>32 KBit/s - "radio" kvalitet dugih i srednjih talasa</strong></span></li><li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 3px 0px 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; list-style: disc outside !important"><span style="font-size: small"><strong>96 KBit/s - "radio" kvalitet ultra kratkih talasa</strong></span></li><li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 3px 0px 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; list-style: disc outside !important"><span style="font-size: small"><strong>128 KBit/s - tipičan kvalitet audio zapisa</strong></span></li><li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 3px 0px 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; list-style: disc outside !important"><span style="font-size: small"><strong>256-320 Kbit/s - približan kvalitet audio CDzapisa</strong></span></li></ul><p><span style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3b3b3b"><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Kao što se može zaključiti, što više kilobita u sekundi, to je zvučni zapis kvalitetniji.</strong></span></span> </p><p> </p><p> <strong><span style="font-size: small">Izvor: http://vokainformatika<a class="IpK6630pDZKHu lY72hECP8" href="#88844908" title="Click to Continue > by Provider"> weebly<img src="http://cdncache-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png" border="0" /></a>.com/obrada-zvuka/zvuk-i-racunar</span><span style="font-size: x-small"> </span></strong></p><p> </p><p> <span style="font-size: small"><strong>Najpoznatiji formati su:</strong></span></p><p> </p><ul><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>MIDI(.MID)- Midi format nezavisan od platforme</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Wave(.WAV)-Microsoft format za digital audio</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Audio Interchange File Format(.AIF)-Macintosh format za digital audio</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Sun audio(.AU)-Sunov komprimovani digital audio</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>audio CD(.CDA)-Format zvuka na audio CD</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Windows Media audio codec(.WMA)-Microsoft komprimovani format</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>MPEG audio Layer 3(.MP3)-Audio Format koji je sve više u upotrebi</strong></span></li></ul><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Najpoznatiji Nekomprimovani formati su:</strong></span></p><p> </p><ul><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>AIFF</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>AU</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>CDDA</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>IFF-8SVX</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>IFF-16SV</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>RAW</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>WAV</strong></span></li></ul><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Najpoznatiji komprimovani foramti su:</strong></span></p><p> </p><ul><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>FLAC</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>LA</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>PAC</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>M4A</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>APE</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>RKA</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>SHN</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>TTA</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>WV</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>WMA</strong></span></li><li><span style="font-size: small"><strong>OptimFROG</strong></span></li></ul><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: small"><strong> </strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small"><strong>Izvor: http://i7.oshrs.edu.rs/ii-obrada-zvuka/7-formati-zvucnih-zapisa-konverzija-izmedu-razlicitih-formata-zvucnih-zapisa </strong></span></p><p> </p><p> </p>
Generalna
2018-05-21T17:55:23Z
nikolarajcetic